Linux下Nginx + 双Tomcat负载均衡

1、一.JDK的安装#tar zxvf jdk-7-linux-i586.tar.gz#mkdir /usr/java#mv jdk1.7.0 /usr/java设置环境变量#vi /etc/profileexport JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/jdk1.7.0export CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jarexport PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH保存退出:wq使环境变量生效#source /etc/profile测试JDK#java -version

2、二.TOMCAT的安装将TOMCAT安装在/usr/local/tomcat6设置环境变量#vi /etc/profileexport TOMCAT_HOME=/usr/local/tomcat6export CATALINA_HOME=/usr/local/tomcat6export CATALINA_BASE=/usr/local/tomcat6在CLASSPATH后面添加$TOMCAT_HOME/common/lib/servlet.jar在PATH后面添加：$CATALINA_HOME/lib保存退出:wq使环境变量生效#source /etc/profile修改TOMCAT配置文件/usr/local/tomcat6/conf/server.xml将以下内容<Host name="localhost" appBase="webapps".../>修改为<Host name="localhost" appBase="/usr/local/www/web".../>启动TOMCAT/usr/local/tomcat6/bin/startup.sh关闭TOMCAT/usr/local/tomcat6/bin/shutdown.sh

3、三.同一linux系统下安装多个TOMCAT将TOMCAT安装在/usr/local/tomcat6_2设置环境变量#vi /etc/profileexport TOMCAT_2_HOME=/usr/local/tomcat6_2export CATALINA_2_HOME=/usr/local/tomcat6_2export CATALINA_2_BASE=/usr/local/tomcat6_2在CLASSPATH后面添加$TOMCAT_2_HOME/common/lib/servlet.jar在PATH后面添加：$CATALINA_2_HOME/lib保存退出:wq使环境变量生效#source /etc/profile修改TOMCAT配置文件/usr/local/tomcat6_2/conf/server.xml将以下内容<Server port="8005" shutdown="SHUTDOWN">...<Connector port="8080" protocol="HTTP/1.1" ...<Connector port="8009" protocol="AJP/1.3" redirectPort="8443" /><Host name="localhost" appBase="webapps".../>修改为<Server port="9005" shutdown="SHUTDOWN">...<Connector port="9090" protocol="HTTP/1.1" ...<Connector port="9009" protocol="AJP/1.3" redirectPort="8443" /><Host name="localhost" appBase="/usr/local/www/web".../>修改TOMCAT配置启动文件/usr/local/tomcat6_2/bin/startup.sh在exec上添加以下内容export JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.7.0export CLASSPATH=$JAVA_HOME/libexport PATH=$JAVA_HOME/binexport CATALINA_HOME=$CATALINA_2_HOMEexport CATALINA_BASE=$CATALINA_2_BASE修改TOMCAT配置启动文件/usr/local/tomcat6_2/bin/shutdown.sh在exec上添加以下内容export JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.7.0export CLASSPATH=$JAVA_HOME/libexport PATH=$JAVA_HOME/binexport CATALINA_HOME=$CATALINA_2_HOMEexport CATALINA_BASE=$CATALINA_2_BASE启动TOMCAT/usr/local/tomcat6_2/bin/startup.sh关闭TOMCAT/usr/local/tomcat6_2/bin/shutdown.sh

4、四.NGINX的安装检查安装nginx的依赖性，nginx的模块需要第三方的支持，检查是否安装下列库：zlib zl足毂忍珩ib-devel openssl openssl-devel pcre pcre-devel gcc添加用户和组#groupadd nginx#useradd -g nginx nginx将文件解压后安装#tar zxvf nginx-1.0.5.tar.gz#wget http://www.linuxidc.com/system/systemfiles/2011/08/ngx_cache_purge-1.3.tar.gz#tar zxvf ngx_cache_purge-1.3.tar.gz#cd nginx-1.0.5#./configure --user=nginx --group=nginx --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_sub_module --with-http_stub_status_module --add-module=../ngx_cache_purge-1.3#make#make install修改/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.confuser nginx nginx;worker_processes 2;error_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx_error.log crit;pid /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid;#Specifies the value for maximum file descriptors that can be opened by this process.worker_rlimit_nofile 65535;events{use epoll;worker_connections 65535;}http{include mime.types;default_type application/octet-stream;charset utf-8;server_names_hash_bucket_size 128;client_header_buffer_size 32k;large_client_header_buffers 4 32k;client_max_body_size 300m;sendfile on;tcp_nopush on;keepalive_timeout 60;tcp_nodelay on;client_body_buffer_size 512k;proxy_connect_timeout 5;proxy_read_timeout 60;proxy_send_timeout 5;proxy_buffer_size 16k;proxy_buffers 4 64k;proxy_busy_buffers_size 128k;proxy_temp_file_write_size 128k;gzip on;gzip_min_length 1k;gzip_buffers 4 16k;gzip_http_version 1.1;gzip_comp_level 2;gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/xml;gzip_vary on;#注：proxy_temp_path和proxy_cache_path指定的路径必须在同一分区proxy_temp_path /usr/local/www/proxy_temp_dir;#设置Web缓存区名称为cache_one，内存缓存空间大小为200MB，1天没有被访问的内容自动清除，硬盘缓存空间大小为30GB。proxy_cache_path /usr/local/www/proxy_cache_dir levels=1:2 keys_zone=cache_one:200m inactive=1d max_size=30g;upstream backend_server {server 127.0.0.1:8080 weight=1 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=30s;server 127.0.0.1:9090 weight=1 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=30s;ip_hash;}server{listen 80;server_name localhost;index index.html index.htm;root /usr/local/www/web/ROOT;location /{#如果后端的服务器返回502、504、执行超时等错误，自动将请求转发到upstream负载均衡池中的另一台服务器，实现故障转移。proxy_next_upstream http_502 http_504 error timeout invalid_header;proxy_cache cache_one;#对不同的HTTP状态码设置不同的缓存时间proxy_cache_valid 200 304 12h;#以域名、URI、参数组合成Web缓存的Key值，Nginx根据Key值哈希，存储缓存内容到二级缓存目录内proxy_cache_key $host$uri$is_args$args;proxy_set_header Host $host;proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $remote_addr;proxy_pass http://backend_server;expires 1d;}#用于清除缓存，假设一个URL为http://192.168.8.42/test.txt，通过访问http://192.168.8.42/purge/test.txt就可以清除该URL的缓存。location ~ /purge(/.*){#设置只允许指定的IP或IP段才可以清除URL缓存。allow 127.0.0.1;allow 192.168.0.0/16;deny all;proxy_cache_purge cache_one $host$1$is_args$args;}#扩展名以.php、.jsp、.cgi结尾的动态应用程序不缓存。location ~ .*\.(php|jsp|cgi)?${proxy_set_header Host $host;proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $remote_addr;proxy_pass http://backend_server;}access_log off;}}创建缓存文件夹#mkdir /usr/local/www/proxy_temp_dir#mkdir /usr/local/www/proxy_cache_dir启动NGINX/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx关闭NGINX/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s stop重启NGINX/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s relo