动名词和动词不定式的用法

动名词和动词不定式可以做句子主语、宾语或表语。

动名词的形式一般为动词的ing形式;动词不定式一般是在动词前加上to即可。

1.用做主语

To get up early is hard.

Getting up early is hard.

早起很难。

2.用作宾语

I don't like to get up early.

I don't like getting up early.

我不喜欢早起。

2.用作表语

The first thing he does is to get up early.

The first thing he does is getting up early.

他做的第一件事情就是早起。

或许还有人不明白什么叫表语。

表语就是位于系动词之后的、用来说明主语的状态、性质、特征的句子成分。

系动词有很多,最常见的就是be,其他的还有become,seem,appear,look,feel,get等。

动词不定式除了具有上述的语法功能之外,还有许多其他的用法。其中有两个尤为重要。

3.动词不定式做副词

I study hard to get scholarships.

我为了取得奖学金而努力学习。

He had a sleep to relax.

他为了放松一下,睡了一觉。

She keeps running to get home early.

为了回家早一些,她不停地跑。

4.动词不定式做形容词

He has many clothes to wash.

他有很多要洗的衣服。

I don't have any books to read.

我没有要读的书。

You have nothing to do.

你无事可做。