snmp测试经验

2025-06-17 09:48:58

1、1.安装 snmpd snmpwalkyum install net-snmp*2.允许snmpd本机抓取cp /etc/snmp/snmpd.conf /etc/snmp/snmpd.conf.bakvi /etc/snmp/snmpd.confcom2sec roUser localhost publicgroup roGroup v1 roUsergroup roGroup v2c roUserview all included .1includeAllDisks for all partitions and disksaccess roGroup "" any noauth exact all none none3.启动snmpd/usr/sbin/snmpd -c /etc/snmp/snmpd.conf4.抓取网卡名[root@xen187v ~]# snmpwalk 127.0.0.1-c public -v 2c 1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.2IF-MIB::ifDescr.1 = STRING: loIF-MIB::ifDescr.2 = STRING: eth0[root@xen187v ~]#5.抓取全部snmpwalk 127.0.0.1-c public -v 2cSNMPv2-MIB::sysDescr.0 = STRING: Linux xen187v.ops.corp.qihoo.net 2.6.18-164.el5xen #1 SMP Thu Sep 3 04:03:03 EDT 2009 x86_64SNMPv2-MIB::sysObjectID.0 = OID: NET-SNMP-MIB::netSnmpAgentOIDs.10DISMAN-EVENT-MIB::sysUpTimeInstance = Timeticks: (27728) 0:04:37.28SNMPv2-MIB::sysContact.0 = STRING: noSNMPv2-MIB::sysName.0 = STRING: xen187v.ops.corp.qihoo.netSNMPv2-MIB::sysLocation.0 = STRING: CNSNMPv2-MIB::sysORLastChange.0 = Timeticks: (0) 0:00:00.00SNMPv2-MIB::sysORID.1 = OID: SNMPv2-MIB::snmpMIBSNMPv2-MIB::sysORID.2 = OID: TCP-MIB::tcpMIBSNMPv2-MIB::sysORID.3 = OID: IP-MIB::ipSNMPv2-MIB::sysORID.4 = OID: UDP-MIB::udpMIBSNMPv2-MIB::sysORID.5 = OID: SNMP-VIEW-BASED-ACM-MIB::vacmBasicGroupSNMPv2-MIB::sysORID.6 = OID: SNMP-FRAMEWORK-MIB::snmpFrameworkMIBComplianceSNMPv2-MIB::sysORID.7 = OID: SNMP-MPD-MIB::snmpMPDComplianceSNMPv2-MIB::sysORID.8 = OID: SNMP-USER-BASED-SM-MIB::usmMIBComplianceSNMPv2-MIB::sysORDescr.1 = STRING: The MIB module for SNMPv2 entitiesSNMPv2-MIB::sysORDescr.2 = STRING: The MIB module for managing TCP implementationsSNMPv2-MIB::sysORDescr.3 = STRING: The MIB module for managing IP and ICMP implementationsSNMPv2-MIB::sysORDescr.4 = STRING: The MIB module for managing UDP implementationsSNMPv2-MIB::sysORDescr.5 = STRING: View-based Access Control Model for SNMP.SNMPv2-MIB::sysORDescr.6 = STRING: The SNMP Management Architecture MIB.SNMPv2-MIB::sysORDescr.7 = STRING: The MIB for Message Processing and Dispatching.SNMPv2-MIB::sysORDescr.8 = STRING: The management information definitions for the SNMP User-based Security Model.SNMPv2-MIB::sysORUpTime.1 = Timeticks: (0) 0:00:00.00SNMPv2-MIB::sysORUpTime.2 = Timeticks: (0) 0:00:00.00SNMPv2-MIB::sysORUpTime.3 = Timeticks: (0) 0:00:00.00SNMPv2-MIB::sysORUpTime.4 = Timeticks: (0) 0:00:00.00SNMPv2-MIB::sysORUpTime.5 = Timeticks: (0) 0:00:00.00SNMPv2-MIB::sysORUpTime.6 = Timeticks: (0) 0:00:00.00SNMPv2-MIB::sysORUpTime.7 = Timeticks: (0) 0:00:00.00SNMPv2-MIB::sysORUpTime.8 = Timeticks: (0) 0:00:00.00IF-MIB::ifNumber.0 = INTEGER: 2

2、抓取 snmpd v 2c (使用 Community 授信)1.抓取服务器基本信息1)抓取操作系统信息[root@xen187v ~]# snmpwalk 127.0.0.1-c public -v 2c 1.3.6.1.2.1.1.1SNMPv2-MIB::sysDescr.0 = STRING: Linux xen187v.ops.corp.qihoo.net 2.6.18-164.el5xen #1 SMP Thu Sep 3 04:03:03 EDT 2009 x86_642)抓取系统开机时间[root@xen187v ~]# snmpwalk 127.0.0.1-c public -v 2c 1.3.6.1.2.1.1.3DISMAN-EVENT-MIB::sysUpTimeInstance = Timeticks: (82831) 0:13:48.313)抓取机器名[root@xen187v ~]# snmpwalk 127.0.0.1-c public -v 2c 1.3.6.1.2.1.1.5SNMPv2-MIB::sysName.0 = STRING: xen187v.ops.corp.qihoo.net2.抓取cpu相关信息1)用户态cpu百分比snmpwalk 127.0.0.1-c public -v 2c .1.3.6.1.4.1.2021.11.9.02)内核态cpu百分比snmpwalk 127.0.0.1-c public -v 2c .1.3.6.1.4.1.2021.11.10.03)空闲态cpu百分比snmpwalk 127.0.0.1-c public -v 2c .1.3.6.1.4.1.2021.11.11.0[root@xen187v ~]# snmpwalk 127.0.0.1-c public -v 2c .1.3.6.1.4.1.2021.11.11.0UCD-SNMP-MIB::ssCpuIdle.0 = INTEGER: 494)cpu使用率=用户态百分比+内核态百分比 ,定时采集3.抓取机器负载1)1分钟平均负载snmpwalk 127.0.0.1-c public -v 2c .1.3.6.1.4.1.2021.10.1.3.12)5分钟平均负载snmpwalk 127.0.0.1-c public -v 2c .1.3.6.1.4.1.2021.10.1.3.23)15分钟平均负载snmpwalk 127.0.0.1-c public -v 2c .1.3.6.1.4.1.2021.10.1.3.3[root@xen187v ~]# snmpwalk 127.0.0.1-c public -v 2c .1.3.6.1.4.1.2021.10.1.3.3UCD-SNMP-MIB::laLoad.3 = STRING: 1.014.抓取内存使用率1)Total Swap Size:.1.3.6.1.4.1.2021.4.3.02)Available Swap Space: .1.3.6.1.4.1.2021.4.4.03)Total RAM in machine: .1.3.6.1.4.1.2021.4.5.04)Total RAM used: .1.3.6.1.4.1.2021.4.6.05)Total RAM Free: .1.3.6.1.4.1.2021.4.11.06)Total RAM Shared: .1.3.6.1.4.1.2021.4.13.07)Total RAM Buffered: .1.3.6.1.4.1.2021.4.14.08)Total Cached Memory: .1.3.6.1.4.1.2021.4.15.0[root@xen187v ~]# snmpwalk 127.0.0.1-c public -v 2c .1.3.6.1.4.1.2021.4.15.0UCD-SNMP-MIB::memCached.0 = INTEGER: 9257129)内存使用率=5)/3);定时采集5.网卡相关1）网卡名[root@xen187v ~]# snmpwalk 127.0.0.1-c public -v 2c .1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.2IF-MIB::ifDescr.1 = STRING: loIF-MIB::ifDescr.2 = STRING: eth02)网卡流入[root@xen187v ~]# snmpwalk 127.0.0.1-c public -v 2c .1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.10IF-MIB::ifInOctets.1 = Counter32: 870740862IF-MIB::ifInOctets.2 = Counter32: 34575565423)网卡流出[root@xen187v ~]# snmpwalk 127.0.0.1-c public -v 2c .1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.16IF-MIB::ifOutOctets.1 = Counter32: 870741760IF-MIB::ifOutOctets.2 = Counter32: 20914946724)当前流量，需要定时采集 2) 3)然后以量差/时间差得到5)今日平均流量，计算方法同4）6.磁盘空间使用率1)磁盘名[root@xen187v ~]# snmpwalk 127.0.0.1-c public -v 2c .1.3.6.1.4.1.2021.9.1.3UCD-SNMP-MIB::dskDevice.1 = STRING: /dev/sda1UCD-SNMP-MIB::dskDevice.2 = STRING: procUCD-SNMP-MIB::dskDevice.3 = STRING: sysfsUCD-SNMP-MIB::dskDevice.4 = STRING: devptsUCD-SNMP-MIB::dskDevice.5 = STRING: tmpfsUCD-SNMP-MIB::dskDevice.6 = STRING: noneUCD-SNMP-MIB::dskDevice.7 = STRING: sunrpc2）Available space on the disk: .1.3.6.1.4.1.2021.9.1.7.13）Used space on the disk: .1.3.6.1.4.1.2021.9.1.8.14）Percentage of space used on disk: .1.3.6.1.4.1.2021.9.1.9.15）Percentage of inodes used on disk: .1.3.6.1.4.1.2021.9.1.10.17.磁盘IO默认安装的snmpd不支持磁盘io的oid采集需要编译时添加 --with-mib-modules=ucd-snmp/diskio参数或者1)下载地址snmpdiskio：http://forums.cacti.net/download/file.php?id=5233&sid=a3d87578a1591299ad842588faec0b952)安装install -m 0755 -o root -g root -p -v snmpdiskio /usr/local/bin/3)将以下信息，增加到 snmpd.conf 中：exec .1.3.6.1.4.1.2021.54 hdNum /usr/local/bin/snmpdiskio hdNumexec .1.3.6.1.4.1.2021.55 hdIndex /usr/local/bin/snmpdiskio hdIndexexec .1.3.6.1.4.1.2021.56 hdDescr /usr/local/bin/snmpdiskio hdDescrexec .1.3.6.1.4.1.2021.57 hdInBlocks /usr/local/bin/snmpdiskio hdInBlocksexec .1.3.6.1.4.1.2021.58 hdOutBlocks /usr/local/bin/snmpdiskio hdOutBlocks4)重启snmpd5)现在进行抓取[root@xen187v ~/snmpdiskio-0.9.4]#snmpwalk 127.0.0.1-c public -v 2c.1.3.6.1.4.1.2021.58UCD-SNMP-MIB::ucdavis.58.1.1 = INTEGER: 1UCD-SNMP-MIB::ucdavis.58.2.1 = STRING: "hdOutBlocks"UCD-SNMP-MIB::ucdavis.58.3.1 = STRING: "/usr/local/bin/snmpdiskio hdOutBlocks"UCD-SNMP-MIB::ucdavis.58.100.1 = INTEGER: 0UCD-SNMP-MIB::ucdavis.58.101.1 = STRING: "0"UCD-SNMP-MIB::ucdavis.58.101.2 = STRING: "0"UCD-SNMP-MIB::ucdavis.58.101.3 = STRING: "0"UCD-SNMP-MIB::ucdavis.58.101.4 = STRING: "0"UCD-SNMP-MIB::ucdavis.58.101.5 = STRING: "0"UCD-SNMP-MIB::ucdavis.58.101.6 = STRING: "0"UCD-SNMP-MIB::ucdavis.58.101.7 = STRING: "0"UCD-SNMP-MIB::ucdavis.58.101.8 = STRING: "0"UCD-SNMP-MIB::ucdavis.58.101.9 = STRING: "0"UCD-SNMP-MIB::ucdavis.58.101.10 = STRING: "0"UCD-SNMP-MIB::ucdavis.58.101.11 = STRING: "0"UCD-SNMP-MIB::ucdavis.58.101.12 = STRING: "0"UCD-SNMP-MIB::ucdavis.58.101.13 = STRING: "0"UCD-SNMP-MIB::ucdavis.58.101.14 = STRING: "0"UCD-SNMP-MIB::ucdavis.58.101.15 = STRING: "0"UCD-SNMP-MIB::ucdavis.58.101.16 = STRING: "0"UCD-SNMP-MIB::ucdavis.58.101.17 = STRING: "3553508864"UCD-SNMP-MIB::ucdavis.58.101.18 = STRING: "0"UCD-SNMP-MIB::ucdavis.58.102.1 = INTEGER: 0UCD-SNMP-MIB::ucdavis.58.103.1 = ""[root@xen187v ~/snmpdiskio-0.9.4]#snmpwalk 127.0.0.1-c public -v 2c.1.3.6.1.4.1.2021.56UCD-SNMP-MIB::ucdavis.56.1.1 = INTEGER: 1UCD-SNMP-MIB::ucdavis.56.2.1 = STRING: "hdDescr"UCD-SNMP-MIB::ucdavis.56.3.1 = STRING: "/usr/local/bin/snmpdiskio hdDescr"UCD-SNMP-MIB::ucdavis.56.100.1 = INTEGER: 0UCD-SNMP-MIB::ucdavis.56.101.1 = STRING: "ram0"UCD-SNMP-MIB::ucdavis.56.101.2 = STRING: "ram1"UCD-SNMP-MIB::ucdavis.56.101.3 = STRING: "ram2"UCD-SNMP-MIB::ucdavis.56.101.4 = STRING: "ram3"UCD-SNMP-MIB::ucdavis.56.101.5 = STRING: "ram4"UCD-SNMP-MIB::ucdavis.56.101.6 = STRING: "ram5"UCD-SNMP-MIB::ucdavis.56.101.7 = STRING: "ram6"UCD-SNMP-MIB::ucdavis.56.101.8 = STRING: "ram7"UCD-SNMP-MIB::ucdavis.56.101.9 = STRING: "ram8"UCD-SNMP-MIB::ucdavis.56.101.10 = STRING: "ram9"UCD-SNMP-MIB::ucdavis.56.101.11 = STRING: "ram10"UCD-SNMP-MIB::ucdavis.56.101.12 = STRING: "ram11"UCD-SNMP-MIB::ucdavis.56.101.13 = STRING: "ram12"UCD-SNMP-MIB::ucdavis.56.101.14 = STRING: "ram13"UCD-SNMP-MIB::ucdavis.56.101.15 = STRING: "ram14"UCD-SNMP-MIB::ucdavis.56.101.16 = STRING: "ram15"UCD-SNMP-MIB::ucdavis.56.101.17 = STRING: "sda1"UCD-SNMP-MIB::ucdavis.56.101.18 = STRING: "md0"UCD-SNMP-MIB::ucdavis.56.102.1 = INTEGER: 0UCD-SNMP-MIB::ucdavis.56.103.1 = ""6)磁盘IO计算，定期采集hdInBlockshdOutBlocks 差/时间差8.系统进程数[root@xen187v ~]# snmpwalk 127.0.0.1-c public -v 2c HOST-RESOURCES-MIB::hrSystemHOST-RESOURCES-MIB::hrSystemUptime.0 = Timeticks: (328232276) 37 days, 23:45:22.76HOST-RESOURCES-MIB::hrSystemDate.0 = STRING: 2013-11-6,12:7:38.0,+8:0HOST-RESOURCES-MIB::hrSystemInitialLoadDevice.0 = INTEGER: 1536HOST-RESOURCES-MIB::hrSystemInitialLoadParameters.0 = STRING: "ro root=/dev/sda1 "HOST-RESOURCES-MIB::hrSystemNumUsers.0 = Gauge32: 6HOST-RESOURCES-MIB::hrSystemProcesses.0 = Gauge32: 199HOST-RESOURCES-MIB::hrSystemMaxProcesses.0 = INTEGER: 0

3、测试 snmpd v3 （使用用户名密码授信）1.安装 snmpd v3yum install -y net-snmp net-snmp-utils2.配置snmpvi /etc/snmp/snmpd.conf输入rouser user auth（v3c的验证方式,添加一个只读帐号，如下：rouser user auth 上面添加帐号的意思是：在v3c中，“rouser”用于表示只读帐号类型，随后的“user”是指定的用户名，后边的“auth”指明需要验证。）3.添加snmp用户vi /var/net-snmp/snmpd.confcreateUser user MD5 mypassword（这行配置的意思是创建一个名为 “user”的用户，密码为“mypassword”，并且用MD5进行加密传输。这里要提醒的是，密码至少要有8个字节，这是SNMP协议的规定，如果小于8个字节，通信将无法进行。）4.启动snmpservice snmpd start5. snmpwalk 测试[root@xen188v ~]# snmpwalk -v3 -u user -l auth -a MD5 -A mypassword 127.0.0.1HOST-RESOURCES-MIB::hrSystem |moreSNMPv2-MIB::sysDescr.0 = STRING: Linux xen188v.ops.corp.qihoo.net 2.6.18-308.24.1.el5xen #1 SMP Tue Dec 4 18:33:26 EST 2012 x86_64SNMPv2-MIB::sysObjectID.0 = OID: NET-SNMP-MIB::netSnmpAgentOIDs.10DISMAN-EVENT-MIB::sysUpTimeInstance = Timeticks: (5307) 0:00:53.07SNMPv2-MIB::sysContact.0 = STRING: noSNMPv2-MIB::sysName.0 = STRING: xen188v.ops.corp.qihoo.netSNMPv2-MIB::sysLocation.0 = STRING: CNSNMPv2-MIB::sysORLastChange.0 = Timeticks: (0) 0:00:00.00SNMPv2-MIB::sysORID.1 = OID: SNMPv2-MIB::snmpMIBSNMPv2-MIB::sysORID.2 = OID: TCP-MIB::tcpMIBSNMPv2-MIB::sysORID.3 = OID: IP-MIB::ipSNMPv2-MIB::sysORID.4 = OID: UDP-MIB::udpMIBSNMPv2-MIB::sysORID.5 = OID: SNMP-VIEW-BASED-ACM-MIB::vacmBasicGroupSNMPv2-MIB::sysORID.6 = OID: SNMP-FRAMEWORK-MIB::snmpFrameworkMIBComplianceSNMPv2-MIB::sysORID.7 = OID: SNMP-MPD-MIB::snmpMPDComplianceSNMPv2-MIB::sysORID.8 = OID: SNMP-USER-BASED-SM-MIB::usmMIBComplianceSNMPv2-MIB::sysORDescr.1 = STRING: The MIB module for SNMPv2 entitiesSNMPv2-MIB::sysORDescr.2 = STRING: The MIB module for managing TCP implementationsSNMPv2-MIB::sysORDescr.3 = STRING: The MIB module for managing IP and ICMP implementationsSNMPv2-MIB::sysORDescr.4 = STRING: The MIB module for managing UDP implementationsSNMPv2-MIB::sysORDescr.5 = STRING: View-based Access Control Model for SNMP.SNMPv2-MIB::sysORDescr.6 = STRING: The SNMP Management Architecture MIB.SNMPv2-MIB::sysORDescr.7 = STRING: The MIB for Message Processing and Dispatching.SNMPv2-MIB::sysORDescr.8 = STRING: The management information definitions for the SNMP User-based Security Model.SNMPv2-MIB::sysORUpTime.1 = Timeticks: (0) 0:00:00.00SNMPv2-MIB::sysORUpTime.2 = Timeticks: (0) 0:00:00.00SNMPv2-MIB::sysORUpTime.3 = Timeticks: (0) 0:00:00.00SNMPv2-MIB::sysORUpTime.4 = Timeticks: (0) 0:00:00.00SNMPv2-MIB::sysORUpTime.5 = Timeticks: (0) 0:00:00.00SNMPv2-MIB::sysORUpTime.6 = Timeticks: (0) 0:00:00.00SNMPv2-MIB::sysORUpTime.7 = Timeticks: (0) 0:00:00.00SNMPv2-MIB::sysORUpTime.8 = Timeticks: (0) 0:00:00.00IF-MIB::ifNumber.0 = INTEGER: 3IF-MIB::ifIndex.1 = INTEGER: 1IF-MIB::ifIndex.2 = INTEGER: 26.随便取一项试试[root@xen188v ~]# snmpwalk -v3 -u user -l auth -a MD5 -A mypassword 127.0.0.1 .1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.2IF-MIB::ifDescr.1 = STRING: loIF-MIB::ifDescr.2 = STRING: eth0IF-MIB::ifDescr.3 = STRING: sit0四。测试抓取snmpd v3数据1.抓取服务器基本信息【没问题】3.抓取机器负载【没问题】4.抓取内存使用率【没问题】5.网卡相关【没问题】6.磁盘空间使用率【没问题】7.磁盘IO1)下载地址snmpdiskio：http://forums.cacti.net/download/file.php?id=5233&sid=a3d87578a1591299ad842588faec0b952)安装install -m 0755 -o root -g root -p -v snmpdiskio /usr/local/bin/3)将以下信息，增加到 snmpd.conf 中：exec .1.3.6.1.4.1.2021.54 hdNum /usr/local/bin/snmpdiskio hdNumexec .1.3.6.1.4.1.2021.55 hdIndex /usr/local/bin/snmpdiskio hdIndexexec .1.3.6.1.4.1.2021.56 hdDescr /usr/local/bin/snmpdiskio hdDescrexec .1.3.6.1.4.1.2021.57 hdInBlocks /usr/local/bin/snmpdiskio hdInBlocksexec .1.3.6.1.4.1.2021.58 hdOutBlocks /usr/local/bin/snmpdiskio hdOutBlocks4)重启snmpd5)现在进行抓取没问题了 snmpwalk -v3 -u user -l auth -a MD5 -A mypassword 127.0.0.1 .1.3.6.1.4.1.2021.588.系统进程数[root@xen188v ~]# snmpwalk -v3 -u user -l auth -a MD5 -A mypassword 127.0.0.1HOST-RESOURCES-MIB::hrSystemHOST-RESOURCES-MIB::hrSystemUptime.0 = Timeticks: (328613539) 38 days, 0:48:55.39HOST-RESOURCES-MIB::hrSystemDate.0 = STRING: 2013-11-6,15:6:44.0,+8:0HOST-RESOURCES-MIB::hrSystemInitialLoadDevice.0 = INTEGER: 1536HOST-RESOURCES-MIB::hrSystemInitialLoadParameters.0 = STRING: "ro root=/dev/sda1"HOST-RESOURCES-MIB::hrSystemNumUsers.0 = Gauge32: 2HOST-RESOURCES-MIB::hrSystemProcesses.0 = Gauge32: 186HOST-RESOURCES-MIB::hrSystemMaxProcesses.0 = INTEGER: 0

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