英语语法之定语从句

1、定语从句的基本结构•The boy who/that sits beside me is unfriendly.•The friend (whom / that /who)I met yesterday has left.•先行词指人还是物？关系代词在从句做什么成分？•先行词指人时，•1、从句中缺少主语， 我们选择关系代词who, that , 而且不省略。 2、从句中缺少宾语， 我们选择关系代词 whom,who, that , 可以省略。

3、概念:1.在句子中修饰名词或代词,定语从句 在句中充当定语. 2.定语从句必须有先行词,并尽量靠近先行词. 3.在定语从句中,根据先行词在在从句中充当成分选择关系词.关系代词关系代词: 指人:who(主格), whom(宾格), 指物 :which(主格,宾格)指人或物:that1).Where is the man______________ was here just now?2).The old lady_________________ you talked to is her grandmother.3). It’s a book ______ will help you a lot.4)I don’t like the film __________ we saw yesterday.

6、定语从句先行词关系代词That which who whom whose关系副词When where whyThat is the naughty boy _____________ we talked about last week.This is the photo ___________________ I took.He lives in the room ________ windows face south.

7、•Attributive clause (2)•由关系副词 如: when , where , why (注意: 没有 what和how )引导的定语从句•表时间/地点/原因时用when, where, why• I'll never forget the day when I joined the party.•This room is the place where he was born.•I know the reason why he was angry.

8、•I. Read the form• 对比：•This is the house ____ we lived in last week.•This is the house ____ we lived last week.•Key: (which/ that ); where•He gave the reason ____ he was late.•I don’t believe the reason _____ he gave just now.•Key: why; (that/ which)•He will never forget the day ______ he met the girl.•A. when B. on that C. in which D. that•He will never forget the days _____ we spent together.•A. when B. on that C. in which D. that•Key: A D

13、使用关系副词应注意下列几点：1、当先行词是表时间和表地点的 词时，一定要注意分析从句的结构， I’ll never forget the day when my hometown was liberated. I’ll never forget the days which / that we spent together last summer.

14、注意：1)Which引导的从句与主句关系较密切，常放在主句之后；而as引导从句，可放在句首、句中或句尾。 2）Which既可代指先行词，又可代指整个主句的内容。相当于“and this” or “ and that”. 译为“这一点”。•　　而as 则只能代指整个主句的内容。译为“正如…..那样”•3) as已形成一些固定结构。　如：as is known, as is said, as is reported, as is often the case, as is expected.

15、Attributive clause (4) 特殊的定语从句:先行词是 the way•1. I don’t like the way in which he talks.• 2. I don’t like the way that he talks.• 3. I don’t like the way he talks.

16、•Attributive clause (5) 其他句型•1. Is this factory_____ you visited last week?• A. that B. which C. / D. the one•还原法：•This factory is the one (that) you visited last week.•2. He told us about the time he had spent ____ English.• A. to learn B. learning C. on learning D. to learning•spend time doing sth.